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	;Abbreviations		;Abbreviations
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	;Abu'l-Fidāʾ, Taḳwīm		;Abu'l-Fidāʾ, Taḳwīm
	“Taḳwīm al-buldān”, ed. J.-T. Reinaud and M. de Slane, Paris 1840		“Taḳwīm al-buldān”, ed. J.-T. Reinaud and M. de Slane, Paris 1840
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	“Abbreviations”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 06 January 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_abbr>		“Abbreviations”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 06 January 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_abbr>
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== Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition ==
;Abbreviations
(2,722 words)

;Abu'l-Fidāʾ, Taḳwīm
“Taḳwīm al-buldān”, ed. J.-T. Reinaud and M. de Slane, Paris 1840
;Abu'l-Fidāʾ, Taḳwīm, tr.
“Gèographie d'Aboulfèda, traduite de l'arabe en français”, vols. i, ii/1 by M. Reinaud, Paris 1848; vol. ii/2 by St. Guyard, 1883
;Ag̲h̲ānī, Brünnow
“The XX1st vol. of the Kitāb al-Aghānī”, ed. R.E. Brünnow, Leiden 1883
;Ag̲h̲ānī, Tables
“Tables alphabètiques du Kitāb al-Ag̲h̲ānī”, rédigées par I. Guidi, Leiden 1900
;Ag̲h̲ānī1 or [2] or [3]
Abu'l-Farad̲j̲ al-Iṣfahānī, “al-Ag̲h̲ānī”; [1]Būlāḳ 1285; [2]Cairo 1323; [3]Cairo 1345-
;ALA
“Arabic Literature of Africa”, ed. R.S. O’Fahey and J.O. Hunwick, Leiden 1993-
;al-Anbārī Nuzha
Nuzhat al-Alibbāʾ fī Ṭabaḳāt al-Udabāʾ
;ʿAlī Ḏj̲ewād
“Memālik-i ʿOt̲h̲māniyyeniñ taʾrīk̲h̲ we d̲j̲ug̲h̲rāfiyā lug̲h̲āti̊”, Istanbul 1313-17/1895-9
;ʿAlī Mubārak, Ḵh̲iṭaṭ
“ʿAlī Mubārak, al-Ḵh̲iṭaṭ al-tawfīḳiyya al-d̲j̲adīda li-Miṣr al-Ḳāhira wa-mudunihā wa-bilādihā 'l-ḳadīma wa-'l-s̲h̲ahīra”, 20 vols., Būlāḳ 1304-6
;Anbārī, Nuzha
“Nuzhat al-alibbāʾ fī ṭabaḳāt al-udabāʾ”, [1]Cairo 1294; [2]Stockholm, etc. 1963
;ʿAwfī, Lubāb
“Lubāb al-albāb”, ed. E.G. Browne, London-Leiden 1903-6
;Babinger, GOW
F. Babinger, “Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke”, 1st ed., Leiden 1927
;Bag̲h̲dādī, Farḳ
“al-Farḳ bayn al-firaḳ”, ed. Muḥammad Badr, Cairo 1328/1910
;Balād̲h̲urī, Ansāb
“Ansāb al-as̲h̲rāf”, i, ed. M. Ḥamīd Allāh, Cairo 1960; iii, ed. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Dūrī, Beirut 1978; iv A, ed. Iḥsān ʿAbbās, Beirut 1979; iv B and v, ed. M. Schlössinger and S.D.F. Goitein, Jerusalem 1936-9
;Balād̲h̲urī, Futūḥ
“Futūḥ al-buldān”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1866
;Barkan, Kanunlar
Ömer Lûtfi Barkan, “XV vc XVI inci asırlarda Osmanlı Imparatorluǧunda ziraî ekonominin hukukî ve malî esasları, I. Kanunlar”, Istanbul 1943
;Barthold, Four studies
V.V. Barthold, “Four studies on the history of Central Asia”, tr. V. and T. Minorsky, 3 vols., Leiden 1956-63
;Barthold, Turkestan
W. Barthold, “Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion”, London 1928 (GMS, N.S. V)
;Barthold, Turkestan[2]
W. Barthold, “Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion”, revised edition, London 1958
;Barthold, Turkestan[3]
W. Barthold, “Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion”, revised and enlarged ed., London 1968
;Blachére, HLA
R. Blachére, “Histoire de la littèrature arabe”, 3 vols., Paris 1952-64
;Blachére, Litt.
R. Blachére, Histoire de la littèrature arabe
;de Blois, Persian literature
F. de Blois, “Persian literature, a bio-bibliographical survey, begun by the late C.A. Storey”, vol. v, London 1992-
;Brockelmann, I, II
C. Brockelmann, “Geschichte der arabischen Literatur (GAL)”, zweite den Supplementbänden angepasste Auflage, Leiden 1943-9
;Brockelmann, S I, II, III
“GAL”, Erster (zweiter, dritter) Supplementband, Leiden 1937-42
;Browne, i
E.G. Browne, “A literary history of Persia, from the earliest times until Firdawsi”
;Browne, ii
E.G. Browne, “A literary history of Persia, from Firdawsi to Saʿdi”, London 1908
;Browne, iii
E.G. Browne, “A history of Persian literature under Tartar Dominion”, Cambridge 1920
;Browne, iv
E.G. Browne, “A history of Persian literature in modern times”, Cambridge 1924
;Browne, LHP
E.G. Browne, “A literary history of Persia”, 4 vols., London and Cambridge 1902-24
;Caetani, Annali
L. Caetani, “Annali dell'Islam”, Milan 1905-26
;Camb. hist. Ar. lit
“The Cambridge history of Arabic literature”, ed. A.F.L. Beeston et alii, 4 vols., Cambridge 1983-92
;Camb. hist. Iran
“The Cambridge history of Iran”, 7 vols., Cambridge 1968-91
;Chauvin, Bibliographie
V. Chauvin, “Bibliographie des ouvrages arabes et relatifs aux Arabes”, Liége 1892-1922
;Clauson, Etymological dictionary
Sir Gerard Clauson, “An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth century Turkish”, Oxford 1972
;Creswell, Bibliography
K.A.C. Creswell, “A bibliography of the architecture, arts and crafts of Islam to 1st Jan. 1960”, Cairo 1961
;Ḍabbī
“Bug̲h̲yat al-multamis fī taʾrīk̲h̲ rid̲j̲āl ahl al-Andalus”, ed. F. Codera and J. Ribera, Madrid 1885 (BAH III)
;Damīrī
“Ḥayāt al-ḥayawān” (quoted according to titles of articles)
;Dawlats̲h̲āh
“Tad̲h̲kirat al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ”, ed. E.G. Browne, London-Leiden 1901
;Ḏh̲ahabī, Ḥuffāẓ
al-Ḏh̲ahabī, “Tad̲h̲kirat al-ḥuffāẓ”, 4 vols., Hyderabad 1315 H.
;Dictionnaire arabe-français-anglais
“Dictionnaire arabe-français-anglais (langue classique et moderne)”, Paris 1963-
;Ḏj̲uwaynī
“Taʾrīk̲h̲-i Ḏj̲ihān-gus̲h̲ā”, ed. Muḥammad Ḳazwīnī, Leiden 1906-37 (GMS XVI)
;Ḏj̲uwaynī-Boyle
“The history of the World-conqueror”, by ʿAṭā-Malik Ḏj̲uwaynī, tr. J.A. Boyle, 2 vols., Manchester 1958
;Doerfer, Elemente
G. Doerfer, “Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen”, Wiesbaden 1963-
;Dozy, Notices
R. Dozy, “Notices sur quelques manuscrits arabes”, Leiden 1847-51
;Dozy, Recherches[3]
“Recherches sur l'histoire et la littèrature de l'Espagne pendant le moyen-âge”, [3]Paris-Leiden 1881
;Dozy, Suppl.
R. Dozy, “Supplèment aux dictionnaires arabes”, Leiden 1881 (repr. Leiden-Paris 1927)
;EMA[1]
K.A.C. Creswell, “Early Muslim architecture”, 2 vols., Oxford 1932-40
;EMA[2]
K.A.C. Creswell, “Early Muslim architecture”, [2]London 1969-
;Fagnan, Extraits
E. Fagnan, “Extraits inèdits relatifs au Maghreb”, Alger 1924
;Farhang
Razmārā and Nawtās̲h̲, “Farhang-i d̲j̲ug̲h̲rāfiyā-yi Īrān”, Tehran 1949-53
;Fihrist
Ibn al-Nadīm, K. al-Fihrist
;Firis̲h̲ta
Muḥammad Ḳāsim Firis̲h̲ta, “Guls̲h̲an-i Ibrāhīmi”, lith. Bombay 1832
;Gesch. des Qor.
Th. Nöldeke, “Geschichte des Qorāns”, new edition by F. Schwally, G. Bergsträsser and O. Pretzl, 3 vols., Leipzig 1909-38
;Gibb, HOP
E.J.W. Gibb, “A history of Ottoman poetry”, 7 vols., London 1900-9
;Gibb, Ottoman Poetry
E. J. W. Gibb, “A history of Ottoman poetry”
;Gibb-Bowen
H.A.R. Gibb and Harold Bowen, “Islamic society and the West”, London 1950-7
;Goldziher, Dogme
“Le dogme et la loi de l'Islam”, tr. F. Arin, Paris 1920
;Goldziher, Muh. St.
I. Goldziher, “Muhammedanische Studien”, 2 vols., Halle 1888-90
;Goldziher, Vorlesungen
I. Goldziher, “Vorlesungen über den Islam”, Heidelberg 1910
;Goldziher, Vorlesungen[2]
2nd ed., Heidelberg 1925
;Gövsa, Türk meshurları
Ibrahim Alaettin Gövsa, “Türk me şhurları ansiklopedisi”, Istanbul 1946
;Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ī Ḵh̲alīfa
“Kas̲h̲f al-ẓunūn”, ed. Ş. Yaltkaya and Kilisli Rifat Bilge, Istanbul 1941-3
;Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ī Ḵh̲alīfa, Ḏj̲ihān-nümā
Istanbul 1145/1732
;Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ī Ḵh̲alīfa, ed. Flügel
“K. al-ẓ.”, Leipzig 1835-58
;Ḥamd Allāh Mustawfī, Nuzha
“Nuzhat al-ḳulūb”, ed. G. Le Strange, Leiden 1913-19 (GMS XXIII)
;Hamdānī
“Ṣifat Ḏj̲azīrat al-ʿArab”, ed. D.H. Müller, Leiden 1884-91
;Hammer-Purgstall, GOR
J. von Hammer(-Purgstall), “Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches”, Pest 1828-35
;Hammer-Purgstall, GOR[2]
J. von Hammer-(Purgstall), “Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches”, 2nd ed., Pest 1840
;Hammer-Purgstall, Histoire
J. von Hammer(-Purgstall), “Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches”, tr. J.J. Hellert, 18 vols., Bellizard [etc.], Paris [etc.], 1835-43
;Hammer-Purgstall, Staatsverfassung
J. von Hammer, “Des Osmanischen Reichs Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung”, 2 vols., Vienna 1815 (repr. 1963)
;Houtsma, Recueil
M. Th. Houtsma, “Recueil des textes relatifs á l'histoire des Seldjoucides”, Leiden 1886-1902
;Ḥudūd al-ʿālam
“The regions of the world”
;Ḥudūd al-ʿālam[1]
“Ḥudūd al-ʿālam. The regions of the world”, tr. V. Minorsky, London 1937 (GMS, N.S. XI)
;Ḥudūd al-ʿālam[2]
“Ḥudūd al-ʿālam. The regions of the world”, 2nd revised and enlarged ed., London 1970
;Ibn al-Abbār
“K. Takmilat al-Ṣila”, ed. F. Codera, Madrid 1887-9 (BHA V-VI)
;Ibn al-At̲h̲īr
K. al-Kāmil
;Ibn al-At̲h̲īr, ed. Beirut
Ibn al-At̲h̲īr, “al-Kāmil fi 'l-tawārīk̲h̲”, 13 vols., Beirut 1385-7/ 1965-7
;Ibn al-At̲h̲īr, ed. Tornberg
Ibn al-At̲h̲īr, “al-Kāmil fi 'l-tawārīk̲h̲”, ed. C.J. Tornberg, 12 vols., Leiden 1851-76
;Ibn al-At̲h̲īr, trad. Fagnan
“Annales du Maghreb et de l'Espagne”, tr. E. Fagnan, Algiers 1901
;Ibn al-Faḳīh
“Muk̲h̲taṣar K. al-Buldān”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1886 (BGA V)
;Ibn al-ʿImād, S̲h̲ad̲h̲arāt
“Shad̲h̲arāt al-d̲h̲ahab fī ak̲h̲bār man d̲h̲ahab”, Cairo 1350-1 (quoted according to years of obituaries)
;Ibn al-Nadīm, Fihrist
Ibn al-Nadīm, “K. al-Fihrist”, ed. G. Flügel, 2 vols., Leipzig 1871-2
;Ibn al-Nadīm, tr. Dodge
“The Fihrist of al-Nadīm”, tr. B. Dodge, 2 vols., New York and London 1970
;Ibn Bas̲h̲kuwāl
“K. al-Ṣila fī ak̲h̲bār aʾimmat al-Andalus”, ed. F. Codera, Madrid 1883 (BHA II)
;Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
“Voyages d'Ibn Batouta Arabic text”, ed. with Fr. tr. by C. Defrémery and B.R. Sanguinetti, 4 vols., Paris 1853-8
;Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, tr. Gibb
“The travels of Ibn Battuta”, Eng. tr. H.A.R. Gibb, 3 vols., Cambridge 1958-71
;Ibn Ḥawḳal
“K. Ṣūrat al-arḍ”, ed. J.H. Kramers, Leiden 1938-9 (BGA II, 2nd edition)
;Ibn Ḥawḳal-Kramers-Wiet
Ibn Hauqal, “Configuration de la terre”, tr. J.H. Kramers and G. Wiet, 2 vols., Beirut 1964
;Ibn His̲h̲ām
“Sīra”, ed. F. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen 1859-60
;Ibn ʿId̲h̲ārī
“K. al-Bayān al-mug̲h̲rib”, ed. G.S. Colin and E. Lévi-Provençal, Leiden 1948-51; vol. iii, ed. E. Lévi-Provençal, Paris 1930
;Ibn Isḥāḳ, tr. Guillaume
“The life of Muhammad, a translation of Isḥāq's (sic) Sīrat Rasūl Allāh”, tr. A. Guillaume, Oxford 1955
;Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn, ʿIbar
“K. al-ʿIbar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʾ wa 'l-k̲h̲abar etc.”, Būlāḳ 1284
;Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn, Muḳaddima
“Prolègoménes d'Ebn Khaldoun”, ed. E. Quatremère, Paris 1858-68 (Notices et Extraits XVI-XVIII)
;Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn-de Slane
“Les prolègoménes d'Ibn Ḵh̲aldoun”, traduits en français et commentés par M. de Slane, Paris 1863-8 (repr. 1934-8)
;Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn-Rosenthal
“The Muqaddimah”, trans. from the Arabic by Franz Rosenthal, 3 vols., London 1958
;Ibn Ḵh̲allikān
“Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān”, ed. F. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen 1835-50 (quoted after the numbers of biographies)
;Ibn Ḵh̲allikān, Būlāḳ
“Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān”, ed. Būlāḳ 1275
;Ibn Ḵh̲allikān, ed. ʿAbbās
“Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān”, ed. Iḥsān ʿAbbās, 8 vols., Beirut 1968-72
;Ibn Ḵh̲allikān-de Slane
“Kitāb Wafayāt al-aʿyān”, tr. Baron MacGuckin de Slane, 4 vols., Paris 1842-71
;Ibn Ḵh̲urradād̲h̲bih
“al-Masālik wa 'l-mamālik”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1889 (BGA VI)
;Ibn Ḳutayba, al-S̲h̲iʿr
“Ibn Ḳutayba, Kitāb al-S̲h̲iʿr wa'l-s̲h̲uʿarā”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1900
;Ibn Rusta
“al-Aʿlāḳ al-nafīsa”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1892 (BGA VII)
;Ibn Rusta-Wiet
“Les Atours prècieux”, Fr. tr. G. Wiet, Cairo 1955
;Ibn Saʿd
“al-Ṭabaḳāt al-kubrā”, ed. H. Sachau et al., Leiden 1905-40
;Ibn Tag̲h̲rībirdī
“al-Nud̲j̲ūm al-zāhira fī mulūk Miṣr wa-l-Ḳāhira”, ed. W. Popper, Berkeley-Leiden 1908-36
;Ibn Tag̲h̲rībirdī, Cairo
“al-Nud̲j̲ūm al-zāhira fī mulūk Miṣr wa-l-Ḳāhira”, ed. Cairo 1348ff.
;Idrīsī, Mag̲h̲rib
“Description de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne”, ed. R. Dozy and M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1866
;Idrīsī-Jaubert
“Gèographie d'Èdrisi”, Fr. tr. P. Amédée Jaubert, 2 vols., Paris 1836-40
;Iṣṭak̲h̲rī
“al-Masālik wa 'l-mamālik”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1870 (BGA I) (and reprint 1927)
;Justi, Namenbuch
F. Justi, “Iranisches Namenbuch”, Marburg 1895
;Juynboll, Handbuch
Th. W. Juynboll, “Handbuch des islāmischen Gesetzes”, Leiden 1910
;Kaḥḥāla, Nisāʾ
ʿUmar Riḍā Kaḥḥāla, “Aʿlām al-nisāʾ fī ʿālamay al-ʿArab wa 'l-Islām”, 5 vols., Damascus 1379/1959
;Ḵh̲wāndamīr
“Ḥabīb al-siyar”, Tehran 1271
;Kutubī, Fawāt
Ibn S̲h̲ākir al-Kutubī, “Fawāt al-wafayāt”
;Kutubī, Fawāt, ed. ʿAbbās
Ibn S̲h̲ākir al-Kutubī, “Fawāt al-wafayāt”, ed. Iḥsān ʿAbbās, 5 vols., Beirut 1973-4
;Kutubī, Fawāt, ed. Būlāḳ
Ibn S̲h̲ākir al-Kutubī, “Fawāt al-wafayāt”, 2 vols., Būlāḳ 1299/1882
;LA
“Lisān al-ʿArab” (quoted according to the root)
;Lambton, Landlord and peasant
A.K.S. Lambton, “Landlord and peasant in Persia, a study of land tenure and revenue administration”, London 1953
;Lane
E.W. Lane, “An Arabic-English lexicon”, London 1863-93 (reprint New York 1955-6)
;Lane-Poole, Cat.
S. Lane-Poole, “Catalogue of oriental coins in the British Museum”, London 1877-90
;Lavoix, Cat.
H. Lavoix, “Catalogue des monnaies musulmanes de la Bibliothéque Nationale”, Paris 1887-96
;Le Strange
G. Le Strange, “The lands of the Eastern Caliphate”, [2]Cambridge 1930
;Le Strange, Baghdad
G. Le Strange, “Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate”, Oxford 1924
;Le Strange, Palestine
G. Le Strange, “Palestine under the Moslems”, London 1890
;Lèvi-Provençal, Chorfa
E. Lèvi-Provençal, “Les historiens des Chorfa”, Paris 1922
;Lèvi-Provençal, Hist.Esp.Mus.
E. Lèvi-Provençal, “Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane”, new ed., 3 vols., Leiden-Paris 1950-53
;MAE
K.A.C. Creswell, “The Muslim architecture of Egypt”, 2 vols., Oxford 1952-9
;Maḳḳarī, Analectes
“Nafḥ al-ṭīb fī g̲h̲uṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb (Analectes sur l'histoire et la littèrature des Arabes de l'Espagne)”, Leiden 1855-61
;Maḳḳarī, Būlāḳ
“Nafḥ al-ṭīb fī g̲h̲uṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb (Analectes sur l'histoire et la littèrature des Arabes de l'Espagne)”, ed. Būlāḳ 1279/1862
;Marquart, Erānšahr
J. Marquart, “Erānšahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenacʿi”, Berlin 1901
;Marquart, Streifzüge
J. Marquart, “Osteuropäische und ostasiatische Streifzüge. Ethnologische und historisch-topographische Studien zur Geschichte des 9. und. 10. Jahrhunderts (c. 840-940)”, Leipzig 1903
;Maspero-Wiet, Matèriaux
J. Maspèro et G. Wiet, “Matèriaux pour servir á la gèographie de l'Egypte”, Cairo 1914 (MIFAO XXXVI)
;Masʿūdī, Murūd̲j̲
“Murūd̲j̲ al-d̲h̲ahab”, ed. C. Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille, 9 vols., Paris 1861-77; ed. and tr. Ch. Pellat, Les prairies d'or, 7 vols. text and 4 vols. translation, Paris-Beirut 1962-89 (cited according to paragraph)
;Masʿūdī, Tanbīh
“K. al-Tanbīh wa 'l-is̲h̲rāf”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1894 (BGA VIII)
;Mayer, Architects
L.A. Mayer, “Islamic architects and their works”, Geneva 1956
;Mayer, Astrolabists
L.A. Mayer, “Islamic astrolabists and their works”, Geneva 1958
;Mayer, Metalworkers
L.A. Mayer, “Islamic metalworkers and their works”, Geneva 1959
;Mayer, Woodcarvers
L.A. Mayer, “Islamic woodcarvers and their works”, Geneva 1958
;Mez, Renaissance
A. Mez, “Die Renaissance des Islams”, Heidelberg 1922
;Mez, Renaissance, Eng. tr.
“The renaissance of Islam”, Eng. tr. Salahuddin Khuda Bukhsh and D.S. Margoliouth, London 1937
;Mez, Renaissance, Spanish trans.
“El renacimiento del Islam”, Sp. tr. S. Vila, Madrid-Granada 1936
;Miquel, Gèographie humaine
A. Miquel, “Le gèographie humaine du monde musulman jusqu'au milieu du 11e siécle”, 4 vols., Paris-The Hague 1973-88
;Mīrk̲h̲wānd
“Rawḍat al-ṣafā”, Bombay 1266/1849
;Miskawayh, in Eclipse of the ʿAbbasid caliphate
“Miskawayh, Tad̲j̲ārib al-umam, in The eclipse of the ʿAbbasid caliphate”, ed. and tr. H.F. Amedroz and D.S. Margoliouth, 7 vols., Oxford 1920-21
;Muḳaddasī
“Aḥsan al-taḳāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aḳālīm”, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1877 (BGA III)
;Munad̲j̲d̲j̲im Bas̲h̲i̊
“Ṣaḥāʾif al-ak̲h̲bār”, Istanbul 1285
;Nallino, Scritti
C.A. Nallino, “Raccolta di scritti editi e inediti”, Rome 1939-48
;ʿOt̲h̲mānli̊ Müʾellifleri
Bursali̊ Meḥmed Ṭāhir, “ʿOt̲h̲mānli̊ müʾellifleri”, Istanbul 1333
;Pakalın
Mehmet Zeki Pakalın, “Osmanlı tarih deyimleri ve terimleri sözlüǧü”, 3 vols., Istanbul 1946ff.
;Pauly-Wissowa
“Realenzyklopaedie des klassischen Altertums”
;Pearson
J.D. Pearson, “Index Islamicus”, Cambridge 1958; S I  Supplement, 1956-60
;Pons Boigues
“Ensayo bio-bibliogràfico sobre los historiadores y geògrafos aràbigo-españoles”, Madrid 1898
;PTF
“Fundamenta philologiae turcica”, ed. J. Deny et alii, 2 vols., Wiesbaden 1959-64
;Rypka, Hist. of Iranian literature
J. Rypka et alii, “History of Iranian literature”, Dordrecht 1968
;Ṣafadī
“al-Wāfī bi 'l-wafayāt. Das biographische Lexikon des Ṣalāḥaddīn Ḫalīl ibn Aibak aṣ-Ṣafadī”, ed. H. Ritter, S. Dedering et alii, 22 vols., Wiesbaden-Beirut-Damascus 1962-
;Samʿānī
al-Samʿānī, al-Ansāb
;Samʿānī, Ansāb, facs.
“K. al-Ansāb”, facsimile edition by D.S. Margoliouth, Leiden 1912 (GMS, XX)
;Samʿānī, ed. Ḥaydarābād
“K. al-Ansāb”, ed. M. ʿAbd al-Muʿīd K̲h̲ān et alii, 13 vols., Ḥaydarābād 1382-1402/1962-82
;Santillana, Istituzioni
D. Santillana, “Istituzioni di diritto musulmano malichita”, Roma 1926-38
;Sarkīs
Yūsuf I. Sarkīs, “Muʿd̲j̲am al-maṭbūʿāt al-ʿarabiyya”, Cairo 1346/1928
;Schwarz, Iran
P. Schwarz, “Iran im Mittelalter nach den arabischen Geographen”, Leipzig 1896-1921
;Sezgin, GAS
F. Sezgin, “Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums”, 9 vols., Leiden 1967-84
;S̲h̲ahrastānī
“al-Milal wa 'l-niḥal”, ed. W. Cureton, London 1846
;Sid̲j̲ill-i ʿOt̲h̲mānī
“Meḥmed T̲h̲üreyyā”, Sid̲j̲ill-i ʿOt̲h̲mānī, Istanbul 1308-16
;Snouck Hurgronje, Verspr. Geschr.
C. Snouck Hurgronje, “Verspreide Geschriften”, Leiden 1923-7
;Sources inèdites
Comte Henry de Castries, “Les sources inèdites de l'histoire du Maroc”, première série, Paris [etc.] 1905-, deuxième série, Paris 1922
;Spuler, Horde
B. Spuler, “Die Goldene Horde”
;Spuler, Horde[1]
B. Spuler, “Die Goldene Horde, die Mongolen in Russland”, 1st ed., Leipzig 1943
;Spuler, Horde[2]
B. Spuler, “Die Goldene Horde, die Mongolen in Russland”, 2nd ed., Wiesbaden 1965
;Spuler, Iran
B. Spuler, “Iran in früh-islamischer Zeit”, Wiesbaden 1952
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B. Spuler, “Die Mongolen in Iran”, 1st ed., Leipzig 1939
;Spuler, Mongolen[2]
B. Spuler, “Die Mongolen in Iran”, 2nd ed., Berlin 1955
;Spuler, Mongolen[3]
B. Spuler, “Die Mongolen in Iran”, 3rd ed., Berlin 1958
;Storey
C.A. Storey, “Persian literature: a bio-bibliographical survey”, London 1927-
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ed. by A.U. Pope, Oxford 1938
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H. Suter, “Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihre Werke”, Leipzig 1900
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“Bug̲h̲yat al-wuʿāt”, Cairo 1326
;TA
Muḥammad Murtaḍā b. Muḥammad al-Zabīdī, “Tād̲j̲ al-ʿarūs” (quoted according to the root)
;Ṭabarī
“Taʾrīk̲h̲ al-rusul wa 'l-mulūk”, ed. M.J. de Goeje et al., Leiden 1879-1901
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F. Taeschner, “Das anatolische Wegenetz osmanischen Quellen”, 2 vols., Leipzig 1924-6
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al-Ḵh̲aṭīb al-Bag̲h̲dādī, “Taʾrīk̲h̲ Bag̲h̲dād”, 14 vols., Cairo 1349/1931
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Ibn ʿAsākir, “Taʾrīk̲h̲ Dimas̲h̲ḳ”, 7 vols., Damascus 1329-51/1911-31
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Ḥamd Allāh Mustawfī al-Ḳazwīnī, “Taʾrīk̲h̲-i guzīda”, ed. in facsimile E.G. Browne, Leiden-London 1910
;TAVO
“Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients”, Wiesbaden 1977-93
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“Yatīmat al-dahr fī maḥāsin ahl al-ʿaṣr”
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T̲h̲aʿālibī, “Yatīmat al-dahr fī maḥāsin ahl al-ʿaṣr”, ed. Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, 4 vols., Cairo 1375-7/1956-8
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T̲h̲aʿālibī, “Yatīmat al-dahr fī maḥāsin ahl al-ʿaṣr”, 4 vols., Damascus 1304/1886-7
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W. Tomaschek, “Zur historischen Topographie von Kleinasien im Mittelalter”, Vienna 1891
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G. Weil, “Geschichte der Chalifen”, Mannheim-Stuttgart 1846-82
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A.J. Wensinck et alii, “Concordances et indices de la tradition musulmane”, 7 vols., Leiden 1936-79
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A.J. Wensinck, “A handbook of early Muhammadan Tradition”, Leiden 1927
;WKAS
“Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache”, Wiesbaden 1957-
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“Taʾrīk̲h̲”, ed. M.Th. Houtsma, Leiden 1883
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ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 1892 (BGA VII)
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“Yaʿḳūbī. Les pays”, Fr. tr. G. Wiet, Cairo 1937
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“Muʿd̲j̲am al-buldān”
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“Muʿd̲j̲am al-buldān”, 5 vols., Beirut 1374-6/1955-7
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“Muʿd̲j̲am al-buldān”, ed. F. Wüstenfeld, 5 vols., Leipzig 1866-8
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“Irs̲h̲ād al-arīb ilā maʿrifat al-adīb”, ed. D.S. Margoliouth, Leiden 1907-31 (GMS)
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E. de Zambaur, “Manuel de gènèalogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de l'Islam”, Hanover 1927 (repr. Bad Pyrmont 1955)
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J. Zinkeisen, “Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches in Europa”, Gotha 1840-83
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Ḵh̲ayr al-Dīn al-Ziriklī, “al-Aʿlām, ḳāmūs tarād̲j̲im li-as̲h̲har al-rid̲j̲āl wa 'l-nisāʾ min al-ʿArab wa 'l-mustaʿribīn wa 'l-mustas̲h̲riḳīn”, 10 vols., Damascus 1373-8/1954-9
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Muṣʿab al-Zubayrī, “Nasab Ḳurays̲h̲”, ed. E. Lévi-Provençal, Cairo 1953
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“Abbreviations”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 06 January 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_abbr>

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