Амина

Эта статья очень короткая (5846 б). Для того, чтобы статья могла быть опубликована на сайте Академии Корана, её нужно существенно дополнить (более 10 кб). (просмотр, WP, адм)

Амина

Амина - это имя, данное в мусульманских традициях рабской девушке или другой женщине Соломона. Она упоминается в более поздних традициях и сообщениях в связи с таинственным эпизодом жизни Соломона, о котором говорится в Коране (38:34-35): Бог, желая испытать Соломона, поставил другого человека на свой престол, пока Соломон не попросит прощения. Экзегетические сообщения связывают ее имя, в частности, с эпизодом, в котором Соломон потерял свой пирсинг в течение сорока дней и с его помощью. Говорят, например, что Амина (или аль-Амина, согласно аль-Талаби в аль-Кашфе, 8:20) была одной из Соломоновых

Amīna

Amīna is the name given in Muslim traditions to a slave girl or other woman of Solomon. She is mentioned in later traditions and reports in connection with a mysterious episode of Solomon's life alluded to in the Qurʾān (38:34–5): God, wanting to test Solomon, put another person on his throne until Solomon asked for forgiveness. Exegetical reports connect her name in particular to the episode in which Solomon lost his signet ring for forty days and with it all his powers. It is said, for instance, that Amīna (or al-Amīna, according to al-Thaʿlabī in al-Kashf, 8:203) was one of Solomon's women (al-Māwardī, 5:96; Adil, 452)—a concubine, slave girl, or servant, or even his daughter (al-Ṭabarī,Taʾrīkh, 590; Ibn al-Qiṭʿa, 168; al-Thaʿlabī, 323; al-Kisāʾī, 293). Solomon was in the habit of entrusting her, as the most trustworthy of his women, with his ring, before entering the baths (Ibn al-Jawzī, 1214). Satan appeared before Amīna in Solomon's shape and took the ring from her; Solomon thereby lost it and his powers. The seal remained in the devil's hands for forty days (Newby, 169).

Exegetical commentaries give varying particulars and sometimes confuse her story with those of other women of Solomon. Traditions give “Jarāda” as an alternative name of the woman who took the ring (al-Suyūṭī, 5:179; (ps.-)al-Khaṭīb al-Baghādī, 268–9). Jarāda was his most beloved woman (al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ, 23:158), or one of his family (Muqātil, 3:644), and, in fact, appears in some other reports that are sometimes connected with Amīna's story. Solomon, after the conquest of Sidon, took the defeated king's daughter Jarāda with him. She obtained his permission to have a statue of her father erected in their house and worshipped it, thus introducing idolatry into Solomon's household (al-Ṭabarī,Taʾrīkh, 587–8; al-Thaʿlabī, 322–3). For this reason, God decided to punish him by depriving him of his seal. Some accounts combine the reports: Jarāda became his wife, and, after the idolatry incident, Solomon gave his ring to Amīna, who was either the slave mother (umm walad) of one of his sons or his servant (al-Thaʿlabī, al-Kashf, 8:203; al-Majlisī, 14:105; Ibn al-Qiṭʿa, 166–70).

Bibliography

Amina Adil, Gaben des Lichts. Die wundersamen Geschichten der gesandten Gottes (Kandern im Schwarzwald 1999), 452

Ibn al-Batanūnī, al-ʿUnwān fī l-iḥtirāz min makāʾid al-niswān, ed. Muḥammad al-Tūnjī (Beirut 19892), 93–5

Ibn al-Jawzī, Zād al-masīr fī ʿilm al-tafsīr (Beirut 2002), 1213–4

Ibn al-Qiṭʿa, Ibtilāʾ al-akhyār bi-l-nisāʾ al-ashrār, Riyāḍ Muṣṭafā al-ʿAbdallāh (Beirut 1992), 166–70

(ps.-)al-Khaṭīb al-Baghādī, Taʾrīkh al-anbiyāʾ , ed. Āsiyā Kulaybān ʿAlī al-Bāriḥ (Beirut 2004), 268–71

al-Kisāʾī, Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ, ed. Isaac Eisenberg (Leiden 1922–3), 293–4

al-Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār (Beirut 1983), 14:105–8

al-Māwardī, al-Nukat wa-l-ʿuyūn (Beirut 1412/1992), 5:97

Muqātil b. Sulaymān, Tafsīr, ed. ʿAbdallāh Maḥmūd Shiḥāta (Cairo 1979–89), 3:644–6

Gordon Darnell Newby, The making of the last prophet. A reconstruction of the earliest biography of Muhammad (Columbia SC 1989), 169

David Sidersky, Les origines des légendes musulmanes dans le Coran et dans les vies des prophètes (Paris 1933), 120–1

al-Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr fī l-tafsīr al-maʾthūr (Beirut n.d.), 7:178–86

al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān (Cairo 19683, 23:157–9

al-Ṭabarī, Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk, ed. M. J. de Goeje et al. (Leiden 1879–1901), 1:587–90

al-Thaʿlabī, Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ (Cairo 1954), 322–4

English trans. ʿArāʾis al-Majālis fī Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ or “Lives of the prophets” as recounted by Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Thaʿlabī, ed. and trans. William M. Brinner (Leiden 2002), 537–41

al-Thaʿlabī, al-Kashf wa-l-bayān (Beirut 1422/2002), ed. Abū Muḥammad b. ʿĀshūr, 8:201–6

al-Tustarī, Laṭāʾif al-anbiyāʾ, ed. Kamāl ʿAllām (Beirut 2004), 85–6

Brannon M. Wheeler, Prophets in the Quran (London and New York 2002), 274.

Cite this page

Tottoli, Roberto, “Amīna”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Consulted online on 19 December 2022 <http://dx.doi.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23567>

Литература

Tottoli, Roberto, Amīna // Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. — Leiden : E. J. Brill, 2007—. (англ.)