Обсуждение:Аль-Йаса‘
Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
| Елисей — Пророк, упомянутый в двух стихах в Коране. В первом (q 6:86) Елисей (аль-Яса) цитируется вместе с Измаилом (qv), Иной (qv) и Лот (qv), где говорится, что они были возвышены над остальной частью творения (wa -kullan faḍḍalnā'alā l -'ālamīna). Елисей упоминается во втором стихе (см. 38:48) вместе с Измаилом и Дху-Кифлом (q.v.), где говорится, что «все являются одними из превосходных» (ва-куллун мина-ахьяри). В Коране нет никаких подробностей о его жизни и ограничивается упоминанием его имени вместе с именем других пророков (см. Пророки и пророчество). Арабскую версию названия обычно читают лексикографы и экзегеты как аль-Яса, но экзегетическая литература также подтверждает вариант, читающий аль-Лайсу (Farrā', Maānī, ii, 407-8).
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Elisha — A prophet who is mentioned in two verses in the Qurʾān. In the first (q 6:86), Elisha (al-Yasaʿ) is cited together with Ishmael (q.v.), Jonah (q.v.) and Lot (q.v.), where it is said that they were elevated above the rest of creation(wa-kullan faḍḍalnā ʿalā l-ʿālamīna). Elisha is mentioned in a second verse (q 38:48), along with Ishmael and Dhū l-Kifl (q.v.), where it is said that «all are among the excellent» (wa-kullun mina l- akhyāri). The Qurʾān does not contain any details about his life and limits itself to mentioning his name together with those of other prophets (see prophets and prophethood). The Arabic version of the name is usually read by lexicographers and exegetes as al-Yasaʿ, but exegetical literature also attests to the variant reading al-Laysaʿ (Farrāʾ, Maʿānī, ii, 407-8).
Muslim tradition has added a few particulars about the figure of Elisha. The son of a woman who gave hospitality (see hospitality and courtesy) to Elijah (q.v.), Elisha became his disciple either when Elijah cured him from a serious illness or when Elijah gave him food while he was starving (cf. 1 Kgs 17:9 f.). According to other traditions, Elijah and Elisha were cousins or, at the very least, had some blood relationship (Sibṭ Ibn al-Jawzī, Mirʾāt, i, 460). From that moment, Elisha followed Elijah wherever he went, and was with him when he invoked God’s punishment against his people around the time of his deaths (see punishment stories). When Elijah was taken to God in heaven (q.v.), Elisha succeeded him as prophet among his people until his death. Certain traditions maintain, however, that Elisha was another name for Dhū l-Kifl or for al-Khiḍr, and possibly Ezekiel (Maqdisī, Badʾ, iii, 100; see khaḍir/khiḍr; ezekiel). |
Roberto Tottoli
Bibliography¶
Primary:
Farrāʾ, Maʿānī, ii, 407-8
Kisāʾī, Qiṣaṣ, 248-50
Maqdisī, al-Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir, al-Badʾ wa-l-taʾrīkh, ed. C. Huart, 6 vols., Paris 1899—1919, iii, 100
Sibṭ Ibn al-Jawzī, Mirʾāt, i, 460, 466
Ṭabarī, Tafsīr, ed. Cairo 1968, vii, 261-2
Thaʿlabī, Qiṣaṣ, 229-31
Secondary:
Horovitz, ku, 152
Jeffery, For. vocab., 68-9
Cite this page
Tottoli, Roberto, «Elisha», in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC. Consulted online on 07 January 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00130>
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
| Элиша (Ар-эль-Яса) считается пророком в мусульманской традиции и упоминается дважды в Коране среди праведных и справедливых людей в стихах, в которых также упоминаются другие пророческие фигуры. В Q 6:84 Давид и Соломон, Иов и Иосиф, Моисей и Аарон упоминаются среди потомков Исаака и Иакова, а в 6: 85-6 говорится, что "Захария и Иоанн, Иисус и Илия, все были праведными людьми и Измаилом, Елисей, Иона и Лот ". Во втором отрывке (Q 38:48) упоминается Елисей вместе с Измаилом и таинственным Дху аль-Кифлом: " И расскажи об Исмаиле, Елисее, и Дху аль-Кифл, которые были среди превосходных ". Однако Коран просто упоминает его имя и не дает никаких подробностей о своей жизни. Арабскую форму названия обычно читают лексикографы и экзегеты как аль-Яса, но в экзегетической литературе также есть вариант чтения аль-Лайса (аль-Фарра, 2: 407-8).
Другие традиции утверждают, что Елисей был идентичен с такими фигурами, как Дху аль-Кифл, аль-Хир и Иезекииль. Источники, которые идентифицируют Элишу с аль-Хиром, указывают на прочные отношения между аль-Хиром и Илия (аль-Рабхузи, 2: 460). Согласно Сиб. Б. al-Jawzī (466), есть несогласие относительно того, был ли он пророком или просто справедливым человеком. По мнению других, на самом деле существовали два разных персонажа по имени аль-Яса. |
Elisha (Ar. al-Yasaʿ) is considered a prophet in Muslim tradition and is mentioned twice in the Qurʾān among the upright and just men, in verses that also mention other prophetic figures. In Q 6:84, David and Solomon, Job and Joseph, and Moses and Aaron are mentioned among the descendants of Isaac and Jacob, and in Q 6:85-6, it is stated that «Zacharias and John, Jesus and Elias, all were upright men, and Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah, and Lot.» In a second passage (Q 38:48), Elisha is mentioned, along with Ishmael and the mysterious Dhū al-Kifl: «And tell of Ishmael, Elisha, and Dhū al-Kifl, who were among the excellent.» The Qurʾān, however, simply mentions his name and does not provide any details of his life. The Arabic form of the name is usually read by lexicographers and exegetes as al-Yasaʿ, but the exegetical literature also includes the variant reading al-Laysaʿ (al-Farrāʾ, 2:407-8).
Later Islamic exegetical and non-Qurʾānic literature added a few particulars about Elisha. He was the son of Akhṭub and suffered some injury or had some sort of disability. He was the son of a woman who lodged Elijah, and he became Elijah’s disciple, either when Elijah cured him of a serious illness or when Elijah gave him food when he was starving. According to other reports, Elisha and Elijah were cousins or had some other blood relationship (Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī, 460). Elisha followed Elijah wherever he went and was with him when he called down God’s punishment upon his people. When God raised Elijah into Heaven, he appointed Elisha as his successor, and he was sent to them as a prophet and a messenger for the Children of Israel, who believed in Elisha, exalted him, and accepted his command, until Elisha departed from them. The literature adds few details of his life. According to a Shīʿī report, Elisha performed miracles similar to those performed by Jesus, such as walking on water and bringing the dead back to life (al-Majlisī, 13:401). Later reports embellished the narratives of Elijah and those of his disciple Elisha (e.g., Adil, 563-73). Other traditions maintain that Elisha was identical with such figures as Dhū al-Kifl, al-Khiḍr, and Ezekiel. Sources that identify Elisha with al-Khiḍr cite the strong relationship between al-Khiḍr and Elijah (al-Rabghūzī, 2:460). According to Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī (466), there is disagreement as to whether he was a prophet or simply a just man. According to others, there were actually two different characters named al-Yasaʿ. |
Roberto Tottoli
Bibliography
Amina Adil, Gaben des Lichts. Die wundersamen Geschichten der Gesandten Gottes (Kandern im Schwarzwald 1999), 563-73
al-Farrāʾ, Maʿānī al-Qurʾān, ed. Aḥmad Yūsuf Najātī and Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Najjār (Cairo 1955-71), 2:407-8
Josef Horovitz, Koranische Untersuchungen (Berlin and Leipzig 1926), 99, 101
al-Khūshābī, ʿArāʾis al-Qurʾān wa-nafāʾis al-furqān wa-farādīs al-jinān, ed. Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ (Beirut 2007), 167-9
al-Kisāʾī, Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ, ed. Isaac Eisenberg (Leiden 1922-3), 199—205, trans. Wheeler M. Thackston Jr., The tales of the prophets of al-Kisaʾi (Boston 1978), 269
al-Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār (Beirut 1983), 13:396-403
al-Maqdisī, al-Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir, al-Badʾ wa-l-taʾrīkh, ed. Clément Huart (Paris 1903), 3:100
al-Rabghūzī, Stories of the prophets, ed. Hendrik E. Boeschoten, M. Vandamme, and Semih Tezcan (Leiden 1995), 2:460
Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī, Mirʾāt al-zamān fī taʾrīkh al-aʿyān, ed. Iḥsān ʿAbbās (Beirut 1985), 1:460, 466
al-Ṭabarī, Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk, ed. M. J. de Goeje et al. (Leiden 1879—1901), 1:542-4, trans. William M. Brinner, The history of al-Ṭabarī, vol. 4, The Children of Israel (Albany 1991), 124-5
al-Thaʿlabī, Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ (Cairo 1954), 259-61, trans. William M. Brinner, ʿArāʾis al-Majālis fī Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ or Lives of the prophets, as recounted by Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Thaʿlabī (Leiden 2002), 432-35).
Cite this page
Tottoli, Roberto, «Elisha», in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Consulted online on 07 January 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26170> First published online: 2012 First print edition: 9789004234871, 2012, 2012-4